《以禁用网站及网络中的技术性深度伪造技术应对已知剥削工具法案》（Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act）或 《下架法案》（TAKE IT DOWN Act）于2025年2月13日得到美国参议院一致通过，并于4月28日晚在众议院以409:2通过，待提交总统签署。这是美国第一部直接监管网络内容的法案，也是第一部联邦层面的人工智能监管法案。
该法案的核心规定为禁止未经同意在网络上发布真实或计算机生成的个人私密影像，并要求特定网络平台在收到通知后48小时内删除此类内容。违法后果包括赔偿及刑事处罚（包括监禁、罚款）。
（一）技术进步引发的社会危机
AI技术被用于制作虚假私密影像，导致针对女性和未成年人色情案件激增。另一方面，此前美国仅针对真实影像立法，AI生成内容处于监管盲区。
（二）两党共识
共和党参议员特德·克鲁兹与民主党参议员艾米·克洛布查联合提案，体现跨党派对技术伦理的关注。
（三）企业呼吁
Meta、Google等科技巨头呼吁统一联邦标准，避免各州碎片化立法增加合规成本。
（四）价值观导向
法案获得了包括梅拉尼娅在内的网络虐待受害者的支持。法案与第一夫人梅拉尼娅的“Be Best”反网络霸凌倡议相呼应，强调妇女与青少年权益保护。
SEC.2.（2）OFFENSE INVOLVING AUTHENTIC INTIMATE VISUAL DEPICTIONS.涉及真实私密影像的犯罪行为
(A )INVOLVING ADULTS涉及成年人
Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction
of an identifiable individual who is not a minor if-
除非例外情形的规定，任何人在州际或国际贸易中，使用交互式计算机服务，明知地方发布一名成年人的可识别个人的私密视觉影像，若符合以下所有条件，将属违法：
(i) the intimate visual depiction was obtained or created under circumstances in which the person knew or reasonably should have known the identifiable individual had a reasonable expectation of privacy;
(ii) what is depicted was not voluntarily exposed by the identifiable individual in a public or commercial setting;
(iii) what is depicted is not a matter of public concern; and
(iv) publication of the intimate visual depiction
(I) is intended to cause harm;or
(II)causes harm, including psychological, financial, or reputational harm, to the identifiable individual.
（1）私密视觉影像的获取或制作是在该个人有合理隐私预期的情境下进行的，且行为人明知或合理应知此情况；
（2）被描绘内容并非该个人在公共或商业场合下自愿展示的；
（3）被描绘内容不属于公众关注事项；
（4）发布该影像的行为
（I）旨在造成伤害；或
（II）实际造成了心理、财务或声誉方面的伤害。
(B) INVOLVING MINORS涉及未成年人
Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish an intimate visual depiction of an identifiable individual who is a minor with intent to
除非例外情形的规定，任何人在州际或国际贸易中，使用交互式计算机服务，明知地方发布一名未成年人的可识别个人的私密视觉影像，且有如下意图的，将属违法：
(i) abuse, humiliate, harass, or de14 grade the minor; or
(ii) arouse or gratify the sexual de16 sire of any person.
（1）虐待、羞辱、骚扰或贬低该未成年人；
（2）激起或满足任何人的性欲。
(C)EXCEPTIONS例外情形
Subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not apply to
以下情形不适用前述“成年人”和“未成年人”的违法认定
(i)a lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of
(I) a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State; or
(II) an intelligence agency of the United States;
(ii) a disclosure made reasonably and in good faith
(I) to a law enforcement officer or agency;
(II) as part of a document production or filing associated with a legal proceeding;
(III) as part of medical education, diagnosis, or treatment or for a legitimate medical, scientific, or education purpose;
(IV) in the reporting of unlawful content or unsolicited or unwelcome conduct or in pursuance of a legal, professional, or other lawful obligation; or
(V) to seek support or help with respect to the receipt of an unsolicited intimate visual depiction;
(iii) a disclosure reasonably intended to assist the identifiable individual;
(iv) a person who possesses or publishes an intimate visual depiction of himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct (as that term is defined in section 2256(2)(A) of title 18,United States Code); or
(v) the publication of an intimate visual depiction that constitutes
(I) child pornography (as that term is defined in section 2256 of title 18, United States Code); or
(II) a visual depiction described in subsection (a) or (b) of section 1466A of title 18, United States Code (relating to obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children).
3.1由下列机构依法授权的调查、保护或情报活动：
3.1.1美国、州或其政治下属单位的执法机构；
3.1.2美国的情报机构。
3.2出于合理并且善意目的的披露行为，包括：
3.2.1向执法人员或机构举报；
3.2.2作为法律程序中与文件提交相关的一部分；
3.2.3用于医学教育、诊断、治疗，或出于合法医学、科学或教育目的；
3.2.4为报告非法内容、不受欢迎的行为，或履行法律、专业或其他合法义务；
3.2.5寻求有关收到非自愿私密影像的帮助或支持；
3.3出于帮助该可识别个体的合理目的进行披露；
3.4拥有或发布自己参与裸体或性行为（依《美国法典》第18篇第2256（2）（A）条定义）之数字伪造影像的个人；
3.5发布的私密影像属于：
3.5.1儿童色情内容（如第2256条的规定）；
3.5.2第1466A条（a）或（b）款中描述的关于儿童性虐待的猥亵视觉表现。
SEC.2.（3）OFFENSE INVOLVING DIGITAL FOR-GERIES涉及数字伪造的犯罪行为
(A) INVOLVING ADULTS.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish a digital forgery of an identifiable individual who is not a minor if—
(i) the digital forgery was published without the consent of the identifiable individual;
(ii) what is depicted was not voluntarily exposed by the identifiable individual in a public or commercial setting;
(iii) what is depicted is not a matter of public concern; and
(iv) publication of the digital forgery—
(I) is intended to cause harm; or
(II) causes harm, including psychological, financial, or reputational harm, to the identifiable individual.
（A）涉及成年人。——除(C)项另有规定外，任何人在州际或国际贸易中，使用交互式计算机服务明知地发布非未成年可识别个体的数字伪造影像，符合下列情形的，均属违法行为：
（i）该数字伪造影像的发布未经该可识别个体同意；
（ii）所描绘内容非该可识别个体在公共或商业场合自愿暴露；
（iii）所描绘内容不涉及公共利益；且
（iv）数字伪造影像的发布
（I）意图造成伤害；或
（II）实际造成对该可识别个体的伤害，包括心理伤害、财产损失或名誉损害。
(B) INVOLVING MINORS.—Except as provided in subparagraph (C), it shall be unlawful for any person, in interstate or foreign commerce, to use an interactive computer service to knowingly publish a digital forgery of an identifiable individual who is a minor with intent to—
(i) abuse, humiliate, harass, or degrade the minor; or
(ii) arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.
（B）涉及未成年人。除(C)项另有规定外，任何人在州际或国际贸易中，使用交互式计算机服务明知地发布未成年的可识别个体的数字伪造影像，有以下目的之一的，均属违法行为：
（i）虐待、羞辱、骚扰或贬损该未成年人；或
（ii）唤起或满足任何人的性欲。
(C) EXCEPTIONS.—Subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not apply to—
(i) a lawfully authorized investigative, protective, or intelligence activity of—
(I) a law enforcement agency of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State; or
(II) an intelligence agency of the United States;
(ii) a disclosure made reasonably and in good faith—
(I) to a law enforcement officer or agency;
(II) as part of a document production or filing associated with a legal proceeding;
(III) as part of medical education, diagnosis, or treatment or for a legitimate medical, scientific, or education purpose;
(IV) in the reporting of unlawful content or unsolicited or unwelcome conduct or in pursuance of a legal, professional, or other lawful obligation; or
(V) to seek support or help with respect to the receipt of an unsolicited intimate visual depiction;
(iii) a disclosure reasonably intended to assist the identifiable individual;
(iv) a person who possesses or publishes a digital forgery of himself or herself engaged in nudity or sexually explicit conduct (as that term is defined in section 2256(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code); or
(v) the publication of an intimate visual depiction that constitutes—
(I) child pornography (as that term is defined in section 2256 of title 18, United States Code); or
(II) a visual depiction described in subsection (a) or (b) of section 1466A of title 18, United States Code (relating to obscene visual representations of the sexual abuse of children).
（C）例外情形。（A）、（B）项规定不适用于以下行为：
（i）以下机构实施的经合法授权的调查、保护或情报活动：
（I）美国联邦、州或州行政辖区的执法机构；或
（II）美国情报机构；
（ii）基于合理善意作出的披露，包括：
（I）向执法人员或执法机构披露；
（II）作为法律程序中文件提交的一部分；
（III）作为医学教育、诊断、治疗的一部分或出于合法医疗、科研、教育目的而披露；
（IV）为举报非法内容、未经请求或不受欢迎的行为，或履行法律、职业及其他法定义务而披露；或
（V）就收到未经请求的私密影像寻求支持或帮助而披露；
（iii）旨在合理协助可识别个体的披露；
（iv）个人持有或发布自身涉及裸露或性露骨行为（定义见《美国法典》第18编第2256(2)(A)条）数字伪造影像；或
（v）构成以下情形的私密视觉影像的发布：
（I）儿童色情制品（定义见《美国法典》第18编第2256条）；或
（II）符合《美国法典》第18编第1466A(a)或(b)条所述（涉及儿童性虐待的淫秽视觉描述）的视觉影像。
SEC.2.（4）PENALTIES处罚条款
(A) OFFENSES INVOLVING ADULTS.—Any person who violates paragraph (2)(A) or (3)(A) shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both.
（A）涉及成年人的犯罪行为。任何人违反第(2)(A) 或 (3)(A) 项下规定的，将根据《美国法典》第18篇处以罚款，监禁不超过2年，或两者并处。
(B) OFFENSES INVOLVING MINORS.—Any person who violates paragraph (2)(B) or (3)(B) shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned not more than 3 years, or both.
（B）涉及未成年人的犯罪行为。任何人违反第(2)(A) 或 (3)(A) 项下规定的，将根据《美国法典》第18篇处以罚款，监禁不超过3年，或两者并处。
SEC.3 非自愿私密影像的通知与移除机制
SEC. 3. NOTICE AND REMOVAL OF NONCONSENSUAL INTIMATE VISUAL DEPICTIONS.
(1)NOTICE AND REMOVAL PROCESS.
（1）通知和移除过程
(A) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, a covered platform shall establish a process whereby an identifiable individual (or an authorized person acting on behalf of such individual) may
(i) notify the covered platform of an intimate visual depiction published on the covered platform that
(I) includes a depiction of the identifiable individual; and
(II) was published without the consent of the identifiable individual; and
(ii) submit a request for the covered platform to remove such intimate visual depiction.
（A）设立——在本法案通过之日起不超过一年内，受覆盖的平台应建立一个程序，以便可识别的个人（或代表该个人的授权人士）可以
（i）通知该覆盖平台有关在覆盖平台上发布的亲密视觉图像，该图像
（I）包括可识别个人的描绘；以及
（II）在没有可识别个人同意的情况下发布；以及
（ii）提交请求，请求该覆盖平台移除该亲密视觉图像。
(B) REQUIREMENTS.—A notification and request for removal of an intimate visual depiction submitted under the process established under subparagraph (A) shall include, in writing
(i) a physical or electronic signature of the identifiable individual (or an author- ized person acting on behalf of such indi- vidual);
(ii) an identification of, and information reasonably sufficient for the covered platform to locate, the intimate visual depiction of the identifiable individual;
(iii) a brief statement that the identifiable individual has a good faith belief that any intimate visual depiction identified under clause (ii) is not consensual, including any relevant information for the covered platform to determine the intimate visual depiction was published without the consent of the identifiable individual; and
(iv) information sufficient to enable the covered platform to contact the identifiable individual (or an authorized person acting on behalf of such individual).
（B）要求——根据(A)项下建立的程序提交的亲密视觉图像的通知和移除请求应包括书面内容。
（i）可识别个人（或代表该个人的授权人士）的实体或电子签名；
（ii）对可识别个人的亲密视觉图像的识别，以及足够合理的信息，以便覆盖平台能够找到该图像；
（iii）一份简短声明，表明可识别个人善意相信根据(ii)项所识别的任何亲密视觉图像并非自愿发布，包括任何相关信息，以便覆盖平台能够确认该亲密视觉图像是在未获得可识别个人同意的情况下发布的；以及
（iv）足够的信息，以便覆盖平台能够联系可识别个人（或代表该个人的授权人士）。
(2) NOTICE OF PROCESS.—A covered platform shall provide on the platform a clear and conspicuous notice, which may be provided through a clear and conspicuous link to another web page or disclosure, of the notice and removal process established under paragraph (1)(A) that
(A) is easy to read and in plain language; and
(B) provides information regarding the responsibilities of the covered platform under this section, including a description of how an individual can submit a notification and request for removal.
（2）流程通知——受覆盖的平台应在平台上提供清晰且显著的通知，可以通过链接到其他网页或披露的方式提供，说明根据第（1）（A）段建立的通知和移除流程，该流程
（A）易于阅读且使用通俗语言；以及
（B）提供有关受覆盖平台在本节下的责任的信息，包括个人如何提交通知和移除请求的描述。
(3) REMOVAL OF NONCONSENSUAL INTIMATE VISUAL DEPICTIONS.—Upon receiving a valid removal request from an identifiable individual (or an authorized person acting on behalf of such individual) using the process described in paragraph(1)(A)(ii), a covered platform shall, as soon as possible, but not later than 48 hours after receiving such request—
(A) remove the intimate visual depiction; and
(B) make reasonable efforts to identify and remove any known identical copies of such depiction.
（3）非自愿亲密视觉图像的移除——在收到可识别个人（或代表该个人的授权人士）根据第（1）（A）（ii）项描述的程序提交的有效移除请求后，受覆盖的平台应尽快采取行动，但不得晚于收到该请求后的48小时内
（A）移除该亲密视觉图像；以及
（B）合理努力识别并移除任何已知的该图像的相同副本。
(4) LIMITATION ON LIABILITY.—A covered platform shall not be liable for any claim based on the covered platform’s good faith disabling of access to, or removal of, material claimed to be a nonconsen- sual intimate visual depiction based on facts or circumstances from which the unlawful publishing of an intimate visual depiction is apparent, regardless of whether the intimate visual depiction is ultimately determined to be unlawful or not.
（4）责任限制——受覆盖的平台对任何基于覆盖平台善意地禁用访问或移除其认为是非自愿亲密视觉图像的材料的索赔不承担责任，只要该决定是基于明显显示亲密视觉图像违法发布的事实或情况，无论该亲密视觉图像最终是否被判定为违法。
1.企业技术应对方面的主要措施：
企业对AI生成内容添加水印或元数据标识，并开发精准的内容识别算法。针对法案所涉内容，企业应建立自动化举报入口，尽可能缩短响应时间至48小时内。企业可向用户公开内容审核标准，建立有效申诉机制以避免误删争议。
2. 企业国际合作方面的应对措施：
企业可通过行业协会（如中国互联网协会）推动中美在AI治理上的对话，避免单边壁垒。企业可针对特定场景（如医疗、教育）申请法案例外条款进行豁免（美国游说条款的运用）。企业联合有影响力的国际组织、机构等发布AI伦理白皮书、相关标准等，塑造负责任的企业形象并在白皮书、相关标准等中争取企业权益。
3. 企业风险合规方面的应对措施：
企业聘请熟悉美国相关法律和AI伦理的律师团队，定期审查、实时监控内容政策。企业针对不同业务场景（如社交平台、电商）制定符合国际贸易实际的差异化合规方案。
三、中国企业主要应对策略
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